diff --git a/V2rayNG/app/src/main/kotlin/com/v2ray/ang/extension/_Ext.kt b/V2rayNG/app/src/main/kotlin/com/v2ray/ang/extension/_Ext.kt
index 2e66d6fd..4b7ff2a0 100644
--- a/V2rayNG/app/src/main/kotlin/com/v2ray/ang/extension/_Ext.kt
+++ b/V2rayNG/app/src/main/kotlin/com/v2ray/ang/extension/_Ext.kt
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 package com.v2ray.ang.extension
 
 import android.content.Context
-import android.os.Build
 import android.widget.Toast
 import com.v2ray.ang.AngApplication
 import me.drakeet.support.toast.ToastCompat
@@ -9,63 +8,48 @@ import org.json.JSONObject
 import java.net.URI
 import java.net.URLConnection
 
-/**
- * Some extensions for the AngApplication
- */
-
-// Extension property to retrieve AngApplication instance from Context
 val Context.v2RayApplication: AngApplication
-    get() = applicationContext as AngApplication
+    get() = applicationContext as? AngApplication ?: throw IllegalStateException("Not an AngApplication")
 
-// Extension functions to show a toast message for Int and CharSequence types
-fun Context.toast(message: Int, duration: Int = Toast.LENGTH_SHORT) = 
-    ToastCompat.makeText(this, message, duration).show()
+fun Context.toast(message: Int) = showToast(message)
+fun Context.toast(message: CharSequence) = showToast(message)
 
-fun Context.toast(message: CharSequence, duration: Int = Toast.LENGTH_SHORT) = 
-    ToastCompat.makeText(this, message, duration).show()
-
-// JSONObject Extensions to put a Pair or Map of data
-fun JSONObject.putOpt(pair: Pair<String, Any>) = putOpt(pair.first, pair.second)
-
-fun JSONObject.putOpt(pairs: Map<String, Any>) = pairs.forEach { (key, value) ->
-    putOpt(key to value)
+private fun Context.showToast(message: Any) {
+    ToastCompat.makeText(this, message.toString(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).apply { show() }
 }
 
-// Constants for traffic and speed conversions
-const val threshold = 1000
-const val divisor = 1024F
-
-// Extension function to convert Long byte value to a string with speed units
-fun Long.toSpeedString() = "${toTrafficString()}/s"
-
-// Extension function to convert Long byte value to a string with traffic units
-fun Long.toTrafficString(): String = when {
-    this == 0L -> "0 B"
-    this < threshold -> "${this.formatBytes()} B"
-    else -> {
-        val (value, unit) = listOf(
-            divisor to "KB",
-            divisor * divisor to "MB",
-            divisor * divisor * divisor to "GB",
-            divisor * divisor * divisor * divisor to "TB",
-            divisor * divisor * divisor * divisor * divisor to "PB"
-        ).fold(this to "B") { (value, _), (div, unit) ->
-            if (value < threshold * divisor) return@fold value to unit
-            (value / divisor) to unit
-        }
-        "${value.formatBytes()} $unit"
+fun JSONObject.putOpt(pair: Pair<String, Any>) {
+    pair.second?.let {
+        put(pair.first, it)
     }
 }
 
-private fun Long.formatBytes() = "%.2f".format(this / divisor).trimEnd('0').trimEnd('.')
+fun JSONObject.putOpt(pairs: Map<String, Any>) {
+    pairs.forEach { (key, value) ->
+        putOpt(key to value)
+    }
+}
+
+private const val KILOBYTE = 1024.0
+private const val THRESHOLD = 1024
+
+fun Long.toTrafficString(): String {
+    var value = this.toDouble()
+    val units = listOf("B", "KB", "MB", "GB", "TB", "PB")
+    var unitIndex = 0
+
+    while (value >= THRESHOLD && unitIndex < units.lastIndex) {
+        value /= KILOBYTE
+        unitIndex++
+    }
+
+    return String.format("%.2f %s", value, units[unitIndex])
+}
 
-// URLConnection extension property to return the response length with backward compatibility
 val URLConnection.responseLength: Long
-    get() = if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.N) contentLengthLong else contentLength.toLong()
+    get() = if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 23) contentLengthLong else contentLength.toLong()
 
-// URI extension property to return an IDN Hostname
 val URI.idnHost: String
     get() = host?.replace("[", "")?.replace("]", "") ?: ""
 
-// String extension function to remove all white spaces
-fun String.removeWhiteSpace() = replace(" ", "")
+fun String.removeWhiteSpace() = replace("\\s+".toRegex(), "")